{"id":2074,"date":"2020-02-01T18:01:22","date_gmt":"2020-02-01T17:01:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/?page_id=2074"},"modified":"2021-06-13T23:00:56","modified_gmt":"2021-06-13T21:00:56","slug":"butterflies-in-nigeria","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/index.php\/en\/project\/explorcollect2\/butterflies-in-nigeria\/","title":{"rendered":"BUTTERFLIES OF NIGERIA"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"571\" src=\"http:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Image-project-in-Nigeria-1024x571.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2499\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Image-project-in-Nigeria-1024x571.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Image-project-in-Nigeria-300x167.png 300w, https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Image-project-in-Nigeria-768x428.png 768w, https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Image-project-in-Nigeria-1536x856.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Image-project-in-Nigeria-2048x1141.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Presentation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Nigeria has an exceptional biodiversity, among this, butterfly species. Butterflies have an essential role for the good health of ecosystems, in particular forests threatened by deforestation, climate change, etc. Indeed, butterflies pollinate plants allowing their reproduction. The development of knowledge on these species is therefore essential to set up conservation and awareness-raising actions to protect forests in Nigeria, particularly in the Cross River National Park and the Omo Forest Reserve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<div class=\"llorix-one-lite-video-container\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Study and protect forest butterflies in Nigeria\" width=\"730\" height=\"411\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/xoN0Zp8i214?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Project impact<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The project will have an impact 1) on developing scientific knowledge of butterfly species and their preferred plants in protected forests, more particularly in the Cross River National Park and the Omo Forest Reserve, 2) to propose actions for conservation of these species and their habitats in the forests of Nigeria, and raising public awareness of their protection, 3) to involve different actors from the territory of Nigeria and Africa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Project origin<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Following the Exploratory Ecology&rsquo;s publications of butterfly species photos on a facebook group, Mr. Ekpah Ojonugwa entomologist at the Nigerian Conservation Foundation contacted this French association for biodiversity protection on November 18, 2019. The meeting between these butterfly enthusiasts led to the following observation. Nigeria contains exceptional biodiversity in forests including butterfly species. But we currently lack the knowledge to protect these species. These exchanges therefore led to the development of a Franco-African collaboration on a study project on butterflies and forests in Nigeria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Team project<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Main team is made up of :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1) Ekpah Ojonugwa, graduate of a scientific master&rsquo;s degree in applied entomology from the University of Lagos, works for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncfnigeria.org\/\">Nigerian Conservation Foundation<\/a>, which will carry out the field work, identification of species ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2) <a href=\"http:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/index.php\/explorecology\/\">Fanny Mallard<\/a>, president of the Exploratory Ecology association, a lepidopterist with PhD in ecology, who will provide scientific support for production and communication;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3) <a href=\"http:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/index.php\/explorecology\/\">Sven A\u00ebl Guen<\/a>, after studying DUT Biological Engineering with Environmental Engineering option, graduate in Computer Science, administrator and networks, technical manager of the Exploratory Ecology association, who will bring his technical expertise for the IT part.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The team is reinforced by people from partner organizations in Africa who are technical, scientific and awareness-raising skills :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/fmic.gov.ng\/\">Federal Ministry of Information and Culture<\/a>,<\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/nigeriaparkservice.org\/\">National Park Service<\/a>,<\/li><li>Teams of <a href=\"http:\/\/nigeriaparkservice.org\/?p=140\">Cross River National Park<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/Omo-Forest-Reserve\/637617466707010\">Omo Forest Reserve<\/a>,<\/li><li>Organizations of <a href=\"https:\/\/nigeria.wcs.org\/\">Wildlife Conservation Society<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifeafrica.org\/\">Wildlife for Africa Conservation Initiative<\/a>,<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/alaincoache.wixsite.com\/cereb?fbclid=IwAR3AoHCppjKoR-lNIr9AmDTeMi2gRzCnbVBr5LO81WKhL4WtzjiddvwpMsA\">Centre d&rsquo;Etudes et de Recherches Entomologiques B\u00e9ninois<\/a> &#8211; Alain Coache entomologist (Entomological Studies and Research Center in Benin)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Scientific researchers validate the protocol like the researcher Oskar Brattstr\u00f6m of the University of Cambridge, and determination of species like the researcher Steve Collins, of the research institute of the African butterflies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"100\" src=\"http:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/logo-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2801\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/logo-1.png 700w, https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/logo-1-300x43.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/cropped-WACI-LOGO-2-1-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2802\" width=\"211\" height=\"177\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/cropped-WACI-LOGO-2-1-2.png 544w, https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/cropped-WACI-LOGO-2-1-2-300x252.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 211px) 100vw, 211px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Objectives<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>This project called ExplorCollect in Nigeria participating in protection of forests in Nigeria is divided into 3 objectives:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Objective 1 : Species inventory<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The objective of this research is to increase knowledge on inventory of lepidopteran species in Nigeria. The species inventory will make it possible to identify and perhaps discover new species.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Objective 2 : Species monitoring<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The butterflies monitoring will compare diversity between two forests with different microclimates, establish a reference of populations in these sites and monitor the impact of climate change over the long term.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Objective 3 : Conservation action<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The nectariferous plants favored by butterflies will be identified. This knowledge would help organizations whose objective is the conservation of species and raising public awareness of the protection of these species.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Species inventory of Cross river national park<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>From January 21 to 25, 2020, first butterfly inventory was conducted in Cross River National Park in Nigeria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ce parc national est la plus grande zone de for\u00eat tropicale au Nig\u00e9ria. Cette zone d&rsquo;\u00e9tude a \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9e car il s&rsquo;agit d&rsquo;un haut lieu de biodiversit\u00e9 de renomm\u00e9e internationale. Selon WWF, l&rsquo;\u00e9cor\u00e9gion qui chevauche la fronti\u00e8re Cameroun-Nig\u00e9ria est particuli\u00e8rement riche en esp\u00e8ces de papillons forestiers en raison du microclimat favorable qui y r\u00e8gne. Pour ce premier inventaire des esp\u00e8ces , 4 points ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9chantillonn\u00e9s (cf. figure ci-dessous).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This national park is the largest area of tropical forest in Nigeria. This study area was selected because it is an internationally renowned biodiversity hotspot. According to WWF, the ecoregion which straddles Cameroon-Nigeria border is particularly rich in species of forest butterflies due to the favorable microclimate. For this first inventory of species, 4 points were sampled (see figure below).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/image-5.png\" alt=\"L\u2019attribut alt de cette image est vide, son nom de fichier est image-5.png.\"\/><figcaption>Sampling areas in Cross River national park \u00a9 Ekpah Ojonugwa<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Butterflies were captured daily using a butterfly net. The collected species were carefully placed in a triangular envelope. Identification was made at the end of each day using the book of West African butterflies \u00ab\u00a0Larsen, T.B. (2005a). Butterflies of West Africa. Apollo Books, Svendborg, Denmark. 595 pp + 135 color plates\u00a0\u00bb. A total of 35 butterfly specimens were collected, including 29 species of butterflies and 1 species of moth. The species collected are listed below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Terrain-Ojonugwa-Ekpah_protocole-Cross-River-National-Park-1-1024x574.png\" alt=\"L\u2019attribut alt de cette image est vide, son nom de fichier est Terrain-Ojonugwa-Ekpah_protocole-Cross-River-National-Park-1-1024x574.png.\"\/><figcaption>Entomologist Ekpah Ojonugwa in Cross River National Park<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The species observed are the following: <em>Acraea peneleos, Acraea polis, Alytarchia amanda, Amauris niavius, Belenois theora, Bicyclus dorothea, Catuna crithea, Charaxes etheocles, Cymothoe beckeri, Danaus chrysippus falcippus, Elymniopsis bammakoo, Euphaedra fucora, Euptera elabontas, Eurema hecabe, Euriphene tadema, Graphium policenes, Hypolimnas anthedon, Hypolimnas misippus, <em><em>Iolaus sp.,<\/em><\/em><\/em> <em>Junonia oenone, Junonia sophia, Junonia terea, Melanitis leda, Mylothris chloris, Mylothris schumanni, Palla decius, Phalanta eurytis, Precis octavia, Precis pelarga, Sevenia occidentallium.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Danaus chrysippus<\/em><br><em>Danaus chrysippus<\/em> is common <a href=\"http:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/index.php\/en\/project\/references\/\">(Larsen, 2005)<\/a> widely distributed in Africa and can be observed in the south of France<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Danaus-chrysippus-falcippus.png\" alt=\"L\u2019attribut alt de cette image est vide, son nom de fichier est Danaus-chrysippus-falcippus.png.\" width=\"578\" height=\"434\"\/><figcaption><em>Danaus chrysippus falcippus<\/em> \u00a9 Ekpah Ojonugwa<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Junonia terea<\/em><br>The main habitat of <em>Junonia terea<\/em> consists of disturbed forest environments. It is therefore a good indicator of disturbance of forest species <a href=\"http:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/index.php\/en\/project\/references\/\">(Larsen, 2005)<\/a>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Junonia-terea.png\" alt=\"L\u2019attribut alt de cette image est vide, son nom de fichier est Junonia-terea.png.\" width=\"579\" height=\"435\"\/><figcaption><em>Junonia terea<\/em> \u00a9 Ekpah Ojonugwa<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Precis octavia<\/em><br><em>Precis octavia<\/em> is a common species in Nigeria. In the Calabar region, the forms of dry season do not begin to appear until December <a href=\"http:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/index.php\/en\/project\/references\/\">(Larsen, 2005)<\/a>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Precis-octavia.png\" alt=\"L\u2019attribut alt de cette image est vide, son nom de fichier est Precis-octavia.png.\" width=\"576\" height=\"431\"\/><figcaption><em>Precis octavia<\/em> \u00a9 Ekpah Ojonugwa<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Precis pelarga<\/em><br><em>Precis pelarga<\/em> is a fairly common butterfly from the forests and dense savannah of Guinea which has also adapted well to disturbed habitats (Larsen, 2005). The host plant in C\u00f4te d&rsquo;Ivoire is <em>Solenostemon rotundifolius <\/em>(Vuattoux and Blandin 1979 In: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/index.php\/en\/project\/references\/\">Larsen, 2005)<\/a>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Precis-pelarga.png\" alt=\"L\u2019attribut alt de cette image est vide, son nom de fichier est Precis-pelarga.png.\" width=\"576\" height=\"433\"\/><figcaption><em>Precis pelarga<\/em> \u00a9 Ekpah Ojonugwa<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Amauris niavius<\/em><br><em>Amauris niavius <\/em>is a species that absorbs alkaloids from various plants, making it toxic to predators <a href=\"http:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/index.php\/en\/project\/references\/\">(S\u00e1fi\u00e1n and Warren, 2015)<\/a>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Amauris-niavus.png\" alt=\"L\u2019attribut alt de cette image est vide, son nom de fichier est Amauris-niavus.png.\" width=\"578\" height=\"433\"\/><figcaption><em>Amauris niavius<\/em>\u00a9 Ekpah Ojonugwa<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Bicyclus dorothea<\/em><br>Both females and males of <em>Bicyclus dorothea<\/em> are attracted to fermenting fruits. The caterpillars feed on various <em>Poaceae<\/em> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/index.php\/en\/project\/references\/\">(S\u00e1fi\u00e1n and Warren, 2015)<\/a>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Bicyclus-dorothea-male-underside.png\" alt=\"L\u2019attribut alt de cette image est vide, son nom de fichier est Bicyclus-dorothea-male-underside.png.\" width=\"578\" height=\"434\"\/><figcaption><em>Bicyclus dorothea<\/em> \u00a9 Ekpah Ojonugwa<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Species inventory of the Omo forest reserve<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In February 2020, an inventory using the same methodology as the previous inventory was carried out in the Omo forest reserve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/image-20.png\" alt=\"L\u2019attribut alt de cette image est vide, son nom de fichier est image-20.png.\"\/><figcaption>Sampling site (Erin camp) \u00a9 Ekpah Ojonugwa<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The species observed are the following:  <em>Appias sabina , Aterica galene, Bebearia flaminia, Bebearia innocua, Bebearia omo, Bebearia zonaria, Cymothoe coccinata, Cymothoe egesta , Cymothoe sangaris, Euphaedra ruspina, Eupheadra ceres, Eupheadra hebes, Eupheadra medon, Eupheadra themis, Eurema floricola, Euryphura chalcis, Graphium policenes, Junonia terea, Lampides boeticus, Leptotes pirithous, Mylothris rhodope, Nepheronia pharis, Nepheronia thalassina, Neptis alta, Neptis paula, Papilio cynorta, Papilio cyproeofila, Protogoniomorpha parhassus, Thermoniphas micylus.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"block-c09e9851-5e6d-4973-ac11-b4e35208516a\" class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/image-11.png\" alt=\"L\u2019attribut alt de cette image est vide, son nom de fichier est image-11.png.\"\/><figcaption><em>Bebearia omo<\/em> \u00a9 Ekpah Ojonugwa<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"block-5602d53c-f79a-4ca2-9eda-f77905bf78d1\" class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/image-21.png\" alt=\"L\u2019attribut alt de cette image est vide, son nom de fichier est image-21.png.\"\/><figcaption><em>Euphaedra ruspina<\/em> \u00a9 Ekpah Ojonugwa<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"block-6c66f326-164e-47e6-aa94-f5bdaefe7e67\" class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/image-12.png\" alt=\"L\u2019attribut alt de cette image est vide, son nom de fichier est image-12.png.\"\/><figcaption><em>Cymothoe egesta<\/em> female \u00a9 Ekpah Ojonugwa<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"block-57500129-7ed7-4537-b6d1-d2db08ba2dd7\" class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/image-13.png\" alt=\"L\u2019attribut alt de cette image est vide, son nom de fichier est image-13.png.\"\/><figcaption><em>Cymothoe egesta<\/em> male \u00a9 Ekpah Ojonugwa<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"block-82c0122d-74e3-467a-8b3d-391b0e561933\" class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/image-14.png\" alt=\"L\u2019attribut alt de cette image est vide, son nom de fichier est image-14.png.\"\/><figcaption><em>Cymothoe coccinata<\/em> \u00a9 Ekpah Ojonugwa<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"block-a77dfcb8-72c2-4330-860b-109db1559dfc\" class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/image-15.png\" alt=\"L\u2019attribut alt de cette image est vide, son nom de fichier est image-15.png.\"\/><figcaption><em>Eupheadra medon<\/em> \u00a9 Ekpah Ojonugwa<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"block-8ffcee65-7554-4de7-a818-b6d505aeba5c\" class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/image-16.png\" alt=\"L\u2019attribut alt de cette image est vide, son nom de fichier est image-16.png.\"\/><figcaption><em>Bebearia sophus<\/em> \u00a9 Ekpah Ojonugwa<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"block-52d7a960-ef98-4551-b2e3-8b68ebc2bfe6\" class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/image-17.png\" alt=\"L\u2019attribut alt de cette image est vide, son nom de fichier est image-17.png.\"\/><figcaption><em>Bebearia zonaria<\/em> \u00a9 Ekpah Ojonugwa<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"block-4bcb8096-e0b1-42fe-a337-9ba5b31fde54\" class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/image-18.png\" alt=\"L\u2019attribut alt de cette image est vide, son nom de fichier est image-18.png.\"\/><figcaption><em>Cymothoe egesta <\/em>\u00a9 Ekpah Ojonugwa<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"block-05e65b45-f006-4012-9ba5-dba66e502db9\" class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/image-19.png\" alt=\"L\u2019attribut alt de cette image est vide, son nom de fichier est image-19.png.\"\/><figcaption><em>Leptotes pirithous <\/em>\u00a9 Ekpah Ojonugwa<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-41737c41-fe89-41cb-9e4d-e79d77596959\">On September 15, 2020, a second inventory was carried out. The following 10 species were observed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\" id=\"block-b669fc5a-1297-44f0-8a50-7456ffa1721b\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/IMG_3700-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"L\u2019attribut alt de cette image est vide, son nom de fichier est IMG_3700-1024x768.jpg.\"\/><figcaption>Site d&rsquo;observation \u00a9 Ekpah Ojonugwa<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\" id=\"block-d9c2779d-bdf4-4801-8064-02a66ac3a05b\"><li><em><em>Bebearia oxione<\/em><\/em><br>This is a rather scarce butterfly, which occurs along forest paths but it is less tolerant to habitat degradation <a href=\"https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/index.php\/en\/project\/references\/\">(Larsen, 2005)<\/a>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\" id=\"block-adedca34-5d4f-4a01-80cc-6af6f745d9fd\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/IMG_3579-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"L\u2019attribut alt de cette image est vide, son nom de fichier est IMG_3579-1024x768.jpg.\"\/><figcaption><em>Bebearia oxione<\/em> \u00a9 Ekpah Ojonugwa<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\" id=\"block-0d4978fb-be97-43fe-834a-882954b86add\"><li><em>Junonia stygia<\/em><br>This is more of a forest butterfly than the other <em>Junonia terea<\/em>, mostly found in disturbed area of forests and in secondary areas with good shade. The species is not that common and seems to be somewhat localized <a href=\"https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/index.php\/en\/project\/references\/\">(Torben, 2005)<\/a>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\" id=\"block-daa36be5-232d-415c-b6a1-ca9983ccad3d\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/IMG_3838-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"L\u2019attribut alt de cette image est vide, son nom de fichier est IMG_3838-1024x768.jpg.\"\/><figcaption><em>Junonia stygia<\/em> \u00a9 Ekpah Ojonugwa<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\" id=\"block-27e474c5-9cfc-4b3e-8ee6-a06a7b035ff3\"><li><em>Cynandra opis<\/em><br>This is fairly common butterfly and the habitat includes most forest types and it does relatively well in disturbed areas, provided a canopy remains <a href=\"https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/index.php\/en\/project\/references\/\">(Larsen, 2005)<\/a>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\" id=\"block-d411ddfb-41b8-4ed5-b308-4bfca7dc75fa\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/IMG_3580-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"L\u2019attribut alt de cette image est vide, son nom de fichier est IMG_3580-1024x768.jpg.\"\/><figcaption><em>Cynandra opis<\/em> \u00a9 Ekpah Ojonugwa<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\" id=\"block-565ed054-68b9-418a-a618-c61fa2ea28d0\"><li><em>Bicyclus martius sanaos<\/em><br>This is a common forest butterfly also found in secondary growth. Males come out into sunshine along forest paths where fighting and courtship take place <a href=\"https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/index.php\/en\/project\/references\/\">(Larsen, 2005)<\/a>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\" id=\"block-eeba8048-d5ae-4598-9e09-415bce4f7d90\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/IMG_3792-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"L\u2019attribut alt de cette image est vide, son nom de fichier est IMG_3792-1024x768.jpg.\"\/><figcaption><em>Bicyclus martius sanaos<\/em> \u00a9 Ekpah Ojonugwa<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\" id=\"block-207e5ce1-9bcf-4fc7-b6d3-434b34f149fa\"><li><em>Hypolimnas salmacis<\/em><br>CThis is a common and adaptable butterfly found in somewhat disturbed habitat. Males perch in forest paths and forest edges, often high up while females are usually seen searching for host-plant low down <a href=\"https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/index.php\/en\/project\/references\/\">(Larsen, 2005)<\/a>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"block-5f967e66-069a-4f7d-a882-9087fa611fee\" class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/image-1.png\" alt=\"L\u2019attribut alt de cette image est vide, son nom de fichier est image-1.png.\"\/><figcaption><em>Hypolimnas salmacis<\/em> \u00a9 Ekpah Ojonugwa<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\" id=\"block-01edae78-99d2-4229-8983-609f4bedd33c\"><li><em>Protogoniomorpha parhassus<\/em><br>This is a common forest butterfly and yet one of the most spectacular in Africa <a href=\"https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/index.php\/en\/project\/references\/\">(Larsen, 2005)<\/a>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\" id=\"block-eb26bdc0-55af-473d-95fd-f12f1d437dc3\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/IMG_3828-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"L\u2019attribut alt de cette image est vide, son nom de fichier est IMG_3828-1024x768.jpg.\"\/><figcaption><em>Protogoniomorpha parhassus<\/em> \u00a9 Ekpah Ojonugwa<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\" id=\"block-60129f65-00d8-4fa5-8df7-00bec0e2ca96\"><li><em>Catuna angustatum<\/em><br>This species is somewhat tied to forest in reasonable condition and tends to be slightly scarce <a href=\"https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/index.php\/en\/project\/references\/\">(Larsen, 2005)<\/a>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\" id=\"block-08fb9a57-e340-483d-a943-71da7c435f00\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/IMG_3741-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"L\u2019attribut alt de cette image est vide, son nom de fichier est IMG_3741-1024x768.jpg.\"\/><figcaption><em>Catuna angustatum<\/em> \u00a9 Ekpah Ojonugwa<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\" id=\"block-802c43c6-b380-4a47-9ada-2f44d334936f\"><li><em>Papilio nireus<\/em><br>This is a common forest butterfly that adopts well to disturbed forest areas <a href=\"https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/index.php\/en\/project\/references\/\">(Larsen, 2005)<\/a>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"block-cfe7f1a6-b61c-46c2-8d92-23ae27548cef\" class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/image-3.png\" alt=\"L\u2019attribut alt de cette image est vide, son nom de fichier est image-3.png.\"\/><figcaption><em>Papilio nireus<\/em> \u00a9 Ekpah Ojonugwa<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\" id=\"block-36cf7b78-cc5c-4d99-bd68-7696e8417295\"><li><em>Aterica galene<\/em><br>This is a common forest butterfly that adopts well to disturbed forest areas. Both sexes come to fruit and not to flowers <a href=\"https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/index.php\/en\/project\/references\/\">(Larsen, 2005)<\/a>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\" id=\"block-d84d15f7-3921-4e5d-99e4-8d4992945089\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/IMG_3745-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"L\u2019attribut alt de cette image est vide, son nom de fichier est IMG_3745-1024x768.jpg.\"\/><figcaption><em>Aterica galena<\/em> \u00a9 Ekpah Ojonugwa<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\" id=\"block-1bf3ba1c-66a8-463e-8411-a9d3ebdf1de3\"><li><em>Salamis cacta<\/em><br>This butterfly exhibit a distinct camouflage in west Africa and are relatively common. Males are perchers <a href=\"https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/index.php\/en\/project\/references\/\">(Larsen, 2005)<\/a>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\" id=\"block-f723df59-9c86-40c6-94be-e039cc703524\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/IMG_3755-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"L\u2019attribut alt de cette image est vide, son nom de fichier est IMG_3755-1024x768.jpg.\"\/><figcaption><em>Salamis cacta<\/em> \u00a9 Ekpah Ojonugwa<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-3 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/IMG_3587-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"3086\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/IMG_3587-scaled.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/index.php\/projets\/explorcollect\/papillons-au-nigeria\/img_3587\/\" class=\"wp-image-3086\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/IMG_3587-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/IMG_3587-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/IMG_3587-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/IMG_3587-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/IMG_3587-2048x1536.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/IMG_3764-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"3091\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/IMG_3764-scaled.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/index.php\/projets\/explorcollect\/papillons-au-nigeria\/img_3764\/\" class=\"wp-image-3091\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/IMG_3764-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/IMG_3764-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/IMG_3764-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/IMG_3764-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/IMG_3764-2048x1536.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/IMG_3752-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"3090\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/IMG_3752-scaled.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/index.php\/projets\/explorcollect\/papillons-au-nigeria\/img_3752\/\" class=\"wp-image-3090\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/IMG_3752-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/IMG_3752-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/IMG_3752-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/IMG_3752-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/IMG_3752-2048x1536.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/IMG_3721-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"3089\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/IMG_3721-scaled.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/index.php\/projets\/explorcollect\/papillons-au-nigeria\/img_3721\/\" class=\"wp-image-3089\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/IMG_3721-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/IMG_3721-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/IMG_3721-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/IMG_3721-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/IMG_3721-2048x1536.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/IMG_3620-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"3088\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/IMG_3620-scaled.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/index.php\/projets\/explorcollect\/papillons-au-nigeria\/img_3620\/\" class=\"wp-image-3088\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/IMG_3620-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/IMG_3620-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/IMG_3620-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/IMG_3620-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/IMG_3620-2048x1536.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/IMG_3610-1-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"3087\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/IMG_3610-1-scaled.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/index.php\/projets\/explorcollect\/papillons-au-nigeria\/img_3610-1\/\" class=\"wp-image-3087\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/IMG_3610-1-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/IMG_3610-1-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/IMG_3610-1-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/IMG_3610-1-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/IMG_3610-1-2048x1536.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/IMG_20210206_233443-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3239\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/IMG_20210206_233443-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/IMG_20210206_233443-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/IMG_20210206_233443-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/IMG_20210206_233443-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/IMG_20210206_233443-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/IMG_20210206_233443.jpg 1564w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>On May 21, 2021, a new inventory session made it possible to observe the following species.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"291\" height=\"219\" src=\"https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/image.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3484\"\/><figcaption><em>Bicyclus madetes<\/em> (The Brown-spot Bush Brown) \u00a9 Ekpah Ojonugwa<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"273\" height=\"205\" src=\"https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/image-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3485\"\/><figcaption><em>Charaxes etesipe<\/em> (The Blue-spotted Charaxes) \u00a9 Ekpah Ojonugwa<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"255\" height=\"191\" src=\"https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/image-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3486\"\/><figcaption><em>Lachnoptera anticlia <\/em>(The Blotched Leopard) \u00a9 Ekpah Ojonugwa<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"305\" height=\"229\" src=\"https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/image-3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3487\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/image-3.png 305w, https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/image-3-300x225.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 305px) 100vw, 305px\" \/><figcaption><em>Acraea admantha<\/em> (Hewitson\u2019s Glassy Acraea) \u00a9 Ekpah Ojonugwa<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"319\" height=\"239\" src=\"https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/image-4.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3488\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/image-4.png 319w, https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/image-4-300x225.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 319px) 100vw, 319px\" \/><figcaption><em>Euphaedra hebes<\/em> (The Hebes Pink forester) \u00a9 Ekpah Ojonugwa<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"405\" height=\"304\" src=\"https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/image-5.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3489\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/image-5.png 405w, https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/image-5-300x225.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 405px) 100vw, 405px\" \/><figcaption><em>Neptis melicerta <\/em>(The Original Club-Dot Sailer) \u00a9 Ekpah Ojonugwa<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"288\" height=\"216\" src=\"https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/image-6.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3490\"\/><figcaption><em>Junonia cymodoce<\/em> (Wings leaf shaped Blue leaf butterfly) \u00a9 Ekpah Ojonugwa<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Presentation Nigeria has an exceptional biodiversity, among this, butterfly species. Butterflies have an essential role for the good health of ecosystems, in particular forests threatened by deforestation, climate change, etc. Indeed, butterflies pollinate plants allowing their reproduction. The development of knowledge on these species is therefore essential to set up conservation and awareness-raising actions to<span class=\"read-more-wrap\"><a class=\"moretag\" href=\"https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/index.php\/en\/project\/explorcollect2\/butterflies-in-nigeria\/\">Lire la suite<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">BUTTERFLIES OF NIGERIA<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":1268,"menu_order":2,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2074","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>BUTTERFLIES OF NIGERIA - Exploratory Ecology<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.explorecology.com\/index.php\/en\/project\/explorcollect2\/butterflies-in-nigeria\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"BUTTERFLIES OF NIGERIA - Exploratory Ecology\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Presentation Nigeria has an exceptional biodiversity, among this, butterfly species. Butterflies have an essential role for the good health of ecosystems, in particular forests threatened by deforestation, climate change, etc. Indeed, butterflies pollinate plants allowing their reproduction. 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